Development of the Lower Limb in Children – Quiz

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Test Questions:

1. Anteversion means:
A. Rotated BackwardB. Rotated at the ankleC. Rotated ForwardD. Metatarsus Adductus

2. In order to test Hip ROM in children one should:
A. Check in the transverse plane with the child seatedB. Extend the knee and place a dot sticker on the patellaC. Rotate the leg clockwise and counterclockwiseD. All of the above

3. Until age three, when walking, children:
A. Will maintain a wide stance and low center of gravityB. Will have Genu ValgumC. Will have a propulsive gaitD. Have a mature gait pattern

4. How can measurements be taken to record the angle of the femur and determine the contribution to knee position in the frontal plane?
A. With a measuring tapeB. With Radiographic MeasurementsC. By calculating Calcaneal Inversion in the early yearsD. Rotate the leg clockwise and counterclockwise

5. Understanding the process and knowing the milestones of lower limb development allows us to:
A. Remain unaware when aspects of their development are outside of normal rangesB. Observe the growing child, detect and correct potential problemsC. Default back to the pediatrician for further evaluationD. Look for a splinter or a foreign body which is definitely the culprit

6. If the end ROM is abrupt, it is more likely due to:
A. Ligamentous LaxityB. A neuromuscular conditionC. External Limb RotationD. A bony block

7. Normal infants and children up to the age of four do not appear bowlegged.
A. TrueB. False

8. At birth there is usually:
A. A 14 Degree measured angle of malleolar positionB. Substantial tibial rotation that inclines the foot internally relative to the legC. Little or no rotation of the tibia relative to the fibulaD. No soft tissue structures

9. Torsion of a long bone refers to:
A. Increased rotation about the longitudinal axis and is an osseous abnormalityB. The range of internal and external rotationsC. Muscle or ligament restrictionD. A deformity that is hereditary

10. Position of a bone describes:
A. If there is genu valgum or genu varumB. That femoral anteversion is due to external torsionC. If the childs parents should allow them to play sportsD. The attitude of the bone as a result of soft tissue or muscular forces